Answer — Exercise 6

1

• Defining the noun → 1,2,3,6,9,10,11
• Adding extra non-essential information → 4,5,7,8,12

2

1. some kind of organism
2. some kind of organism
3. people
4. jail sentences
5. the sale of a 5% stake in the bank
6. the people
7. a period of recession and austerity
8. the Icelandic situation
9. more important reason
10. a time
11. the bank
12. local people

3

1. that → to refer to the organism as a thing, which is the subject of this clause here
2. whose → to refer to purpose ‘belonging to’ the organism: its purpose / the organism’s purpose
3. no relative pronoun → see 4 at end
4. of which → to refer back to two of the jail sentences, which are the subjects of the relative clause here
5. whereby → to show the process by which something happened, to explain the reason for a previously mentioned action
6. who → to refer back to the people, who are the subject of this clause
7. during which time → to refer back to the period of recession and austerity and to introduce what happened within that time
8. where → to refer to the situation and to introduce what happened in this situation
9. why → it links with the ‘reason’ and introduces which reason is being talked about here
10. when → refers back to ‘a time’ and introduces what happened in this time
11. no relative pronoun → see 4 at end
12. some of whom → refers back to the people, the subjects of this clause

4

• no need for a relative pronoun in 3 and 11 because we often don’t use a relative pronoun / adverb in defining relative clauses when the noun they relate to is the object of the clause