Cover of the textbook Outcomes Advanced - Student's Book

The key answer of exercise 6

The key to exercise solutions in chapter 14 - Banking on change for the textbook Outcomes Advanced - Student's Book with authors Carol Nuttall and Amanda French from National Geographic Learning

Question

Look at the relative clauses underlined in the post and comments. For each one, decide.

Answer

1

  • Defining the noun → 1,2,3,6,9,10,11
  • Adding extra non-essential information → 4,5,7,8,12

2

  1. some kind of organism
  2. some kind of organism
  3. people
  4. jail sentences
  5. the sale of a 5% stake in the bank
  6. the people
  7. a period of recession and austerity
  8. the Icelandic situation
  9. more important reason
  10. a time
  11. the bank
  12. local people

3

  1. that → to refer to the organism as a thing, which is the subject of this clause here
  2. whose → to refer to purpose ‘belonging to’ the organism: its purpose / the organism’s purpose
  3. no relative pronoun → see 4 at end
  4. of which → to refer back to two of the jail sentences, which are the subjects of the relative clause here
  5. whereby → to show the process by which something happened, to explain the reason for a previously mentioned action
  6. who → to refer back to the people, who are the subject of this clause
  7. during which time → to refer back to the period of recession and austerity and to introduce what happened within that time
  8. where → to refer to the situation and to introduce what happened in this situation
  9. why → it links with the ‘reason’ and introduces which reason is being talked about here
  10. when → refers back to ‘a time’ and introduces what happened in this time
  11. no relative pronoun → see 4 at end
  12. some of whom → refers back to the people, the subjects of this clause

4

  • no need for a relative pronoun in 3 and 11 because we often don’t use a relative pronoun / adverb in defining relative clauses when the noun they relate to is the object of the clause