Answer — Exercise 3

a)

1. might be seen
2. to be fired
3. shouldn't have been fired
4. got hacked
5. to be done
6. was declared
7. 've been having (work) done (first part could be, 'am having' 'have had' or 'had' but in the text this form is used)
8. to be said
9. Not being given
10. being spotted

c)

a)

1. modal passive
2. passive infinitive
3. modal present perfect passive
4. past simple passive (with get instead of form of be)
5. passive infinitive
6. past simple passive
7. (causative have) present perfect continuous passive
8. passive infinitive
9. (negative) passive gerund
10. passive gerund

b) 10 - Big Brother

c)

1. The focus is on they; the agent (someone who shouldn't) is not specific or unknown.
2. The focus is on they; the agent (the employer) is obvious; it is also needed later in the sentence as a subject.
3. The focus is on we; the agent is obvious.
4. The focus is on My account; the agent is unknown.
5. The agent Is unimportant (by anyone?); this is part of a fixed expression there's nothing to be done.
6. The focus is on a mistrial; the agent is unimportant / obvious.
7. At this point the focus is on 'I', the person and his story, and not the therapist. Note that the causative usually focuses on the person (see Language Bank 3.2).
8. The passive is part of a fixed expression there's a lot to be said.
9. The focus Is on the situation of being forced to leave. The agent is obvious.

d)

• informal → 4 got is used instead of was
• impersonal → 5 and 8: there's a lot / a great deal / much / nothing, etc. to be said is an impersonal sounding structure.

d)

1. they might be /bɪ/ seen by
2. did they deserve to /tə/ be fired
3. we shouldn't have /ʃədntəv/ been /bɪn/ fired
4. my account got hacked
5. there's nothing to /tə/ be /bɪ/ done
6. a mis-trial was /wəz/ declared
7. I've been /bɪn/ having work done on my /dʌnəmaɪ/ back
8. there's a lot to be /ðeərzəlɒtəbi:/ said for honesty
9. Not being given a second /gɪvənəsekən/ chance
10. without fear of /fi:rəv/ being spotted