The key answer of exercise 2

a)

• 2 → Belng praised: the article seems to support the idea of praise not being important - comparing the effect of praise (USA) and no praise (Japan) with Japanese students doing better.
• 3 → Not being derided: the article mentions that this makes students feel that there are no negative consequences if they make a mistake.
• 4 → Guessing: the article Includes guessing as part of a student's engagement and hence successful learning. Japanese students are expected to struggle. Research shows guessing can enhance the learning process.)
• 6 and 8 → the article reinforces the notion that mistakes are beneficial (in Japan constructive use of error is a teaching technique. People who made a number of mistakes scored higher).

b)

1. T → Most report negative sensations - a sinking feeling in the pit of the stomach
2. F → ... praise was only given provided that answers were correct.
3. T → ... but rather the reason for the error
4. NG
5. F → The total amount of time allotted was the same for both groups
6. T → ... key factors of cognitive and personal engagement, which have long been known to enhance the learning process.
7. NG → The psychologist does not specifically refer to classrooms, but learners in general.
8. F → ... teachers and learners alike to rethink their quest for instant perfection.