The key answer of exercise 2

South Africa, known as a 'rainbow nation,' boasts a diverse population comprising African, Asian, and European descent. Historically, it transitioned from Dutch to British colonial rule, with white dominance persisting post-independence in 1934. The apartheid regime, instituted in 1948, enforced racial segregation, disenfranchising black citizens until its abolition in 1994. Nelson Mandela, born in 1918, emerged as a pivotal figure, advocating for equality through the African National Congress (ANC) despite government suppression. His imprisonment on Robben Island galvanized international opposition to apartheid. Mandela's release in 1990 marked a turning point, leading to the historic 1994 elections where he became South Africa's first black president. Mandela's legacy of reconciliation and forgiveness resonates globally, earning him the Nobel Peace Prize in 1993 and immortalizing him as an icon of courage and forgiveness upon his death in 2013.