Siblings and brothers
- Siblings: Refers to both male and female children of the same parents (brothers and sisters).
- Brothers: Refers specifically to male children of the same parents.
A grandson and a nephew
- Grandson: The son of one's son or daughter.
- Nephew: The son of one's brother or sister.
A mother-in-law and a stepmother
- Mother-in-law: The mother of one's spouse.
- Stepmother: A woman who is married to one's father but is not one's biological mother.
An uncle and a great-uncle
- Uncle: The brother of one's parent or the husband of one's aunt.
- Great-uncle: The brother of one's grandparent or the husband of one's great-aunt.
A grandmother and a godmother
- Grandmother: The mother of one's parent.
- Godmother: A woman who sponsors a child at baptism and takes an interest in their upbringing, often with religious guidance.
A half-sister and a stepsister
- Half-sister: A sister with whom one shares one biological parent.
- Stepsister: The daughter of one's stepmother or stepfather, not biologically related.
A cousin and a second cousin
- Cousin: The child of one's aunt or uncle (first cousin).
- Second cousin: The child of one's parent's first cousin.
A nuclear and an extended family
- Nuclear family: A family unit consisting of two parents and their children.
- Extended family: A family that extends beyond the nuclear family, including grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins, and other relatives.